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9.45-inch Heavy Mortar
The ML 9.45 inch Heavy Trench Mortar,〔ML being "muzzle loading"〕 nicknamed the Flying Pig,〔The origin of the nickname "flying pig" is unclear. Some sources describe the bomb as looking like a small pig in flight; it may also refer to the English language term meaning an unlikely event (as in "pigs might fly"), deriving from the clumsy bulky appearance; it may be a mixture of both.〕 was a large calibre mortar of World War I and the standard British heavy mortar from the autumn of 1916. It was a modification of an original French design, the Mortier de 240 mm developed by Batignolles Company of Paris and introduced in 1915. Britain manufactured the modified version under licence.
==History==
The British ML mortar was a design based on the French 240 mm mortar in 1915 and introduced in 1916. The British version differed from the French LT weapon in that the propellant charge was loaded through the muzzle〔("Manual for trench artillery, United States Army (provisional). Part I, Trench Artillery.". Prepared at Headquarters AEF, France, March 1918. page 8 )〕 whereas the French 240 mm had the charge loaded through the breech in a brass cartridge case.
In June 1916, following unsatisfactory trials with the French model, Britain replaced them with 30 of its own model, firing a 150-pound bomb, followed by 200 more in December 1916.〔Farndale 1986. Annex G, Trench Mortar Organization in France, page 367.〕
The Mark I with barrel was introduced from June 1916. In 1917, the Mark II and Mark III followed with barrel, and small numbers of Mark IV.〔
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